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(No Model.) I 4 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

U. 85. H. E. EBERHARDT.

DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 321,196 Patented June 30, 1885.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented June 30, 1885.

(No Model.)

U. 8: H. E. EBERHARDT.

DRILLING MACHINE.

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DRILLING MACHINE.

Patented June 30, 1885.

UNITED TATES ATENT Erica.

ULRICH EBERHARDT AND HENRY EBERHARDT, OF NEsVARK, J. J.

DRILLING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,196, dated June 30,1885. i

' Application filed February 11,1885. (No model.)

. T to whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ULRICH EBERHARDT and HENRY E. EBERHARDT, citizensof the United States, residing in Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Column-Drill Presses,fully described and represented in the following specification and theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to an improvementin column powerdrilling-machines; and it consists, first, in a special means forunclutching the spindle-driving cone from its shaft, so as to operatewith back gearing; secondly, in

means whereby the back gearing may be thrown into operation and thespindle-cone be unclutched by a lever extended within reach of theoperator, and preferably by a single movement of the same; thirdly, inan improved construction for the drill-feeding device; fourthly, in astationary bar marked with .drillsizes and applied to the belt-drivingcone to indicate the proper speed for the belt; fifthly, in acorresponding index applied to the drill-feeding mechanism to indicatethe proper feed of a drill of given size; sixtli'ly, in an improvedmeans forlocking the drillshank in the spindle and for driving it out ofthe same; and, seventhly, in an improved construction for the slidingsleeve and toothed rack which sustain and feed the drill-spindle.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is asideelevation of the entire machine. Fig.2 is a detached view of the top of the frame, with the shaft-bearings insection, on lineyyin Fig. 3.'

Fig. 3 is a plan of the top partof the machine, with the cone and itsattachments removed by a section on line a: m in Fig. 2, and thebevelgears which are shown in Fig. 2 omitted. Fig.

4. is a section of the friction disk and wheel,

on an enlarged scale, on line 22 in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation ofthe upper shaft-bearings, taken on line 22 'l) in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is afront elevation of the machine. Fig. 7 is a rear elevation showing thevarious beltconnections. Fig.8 is asection of the clutch-cone on line tow in Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a plan of the sliding sleeve and its bearing inthe movable bracket; Fig. 10, a vertical section of the drill-spindlesocket on line 1' r in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 11 a similar section at right angles to the last.

Our improvements are intended to render the machine more convenient forthe operator when it is necessary to vary the speed of the drill,reamer, rose-bit, boring-bar, or other tool operated by thedrill-spindle, and they consist in various attachments by which agreater range in the variations of the speed, both of the drill and ofits rate of feed, is attainable, and the shifting of the devices tosecure such variation in the speed is more easily effected. With thedrill-presses in common use heretofore much time and labor is lost inascertaining the proper speed for the drillingtool, as the operator,either through want of knowledge or experience, runsthe drill so fastthat the cutting-edge is destroyed, or so slow that much time is lost inoperating on the material. \Ve obviate this difficulty by markingfigures plainly upon an index attached to the belt-driving cone to showwhich of thespeeds the belt should be applied to for a drill of givensize.

The same difficulty has existed in respect to the feeding devicesheretofore used, the operator being liable to feed so fast thatin manycases the tools are broken, or so slow that the tools merely scrape uponthe material, instead of cutting in the desired manner. The varia tionsof speed in the feeding devices are also generally limited to such asmay be obtained by the cones with belts or the cones composed of gears,three, four, or five only of such cones being usually provided forchanging the speed of the feed. The lack of greater range in the speedof the feed is especially noticeable in using reamers or bits of largesize to smooth out a previously formed hole. Such tools must be drivenat a slow rate of speed by the use of the back gearing, and as the feedis usually driven by a connection with the spindle-driving shaft theslow speed of such shaft derived from the backgearing-producesacorrespondingly slow feed upon the tool used, whetherthe same be suitable or not. We have frequently found that with aslowbackgear speed a feed of only one sixty-fourth of an inch was attainablefor each revolution of the tool, while one-sixteenth to one-eighth of aninch feed is frequently required in feeding a reamer of a large size.The feeding devices heretofore used are thus not only too limited intheir range, but cannot be operated when the machine is in motionwithout danger and inconvenience to the operator.

We overcome these defects in the feeding devices, first, by the use of africtional driving-disk from which a finely-varied range of speeds maybe derived; secondly, by driving such disk from the counter-shaft of themachine wherever located, the speed of which is not affected by theback-gear connections or by the shifting of the cone-belt; and, thirdly,by providing a shifting attachment for the friction-wheel, whichattachment can be operated while the machine is in motion, and which wemark with suitable figures, and provide with a gage, so that theoperator may set the feed directly at the proper speed for a drill ofgiven size. We also connect the friction driving-disk with thecounter-shaft by means of cone-pulleys fitted to revolve the disk atdifferent speeds for materials of different hardness, as cast andwrought iron. By these improvements we obtain a great andgradually-varied range of speeds for the feeding devices, and are ableto adapt the same so accurately to the requirements of the particulartools in use that we are able to do fully onefourth more work than withthelimited numher and range of the speeds heretofore provided.

The separate means heretofore in use for disconnecting the upper conefrom its shaft and engaging the back gears we have found veryinconvenient, as they necessitate two distinct operations, and becausein large columndrills of the class to which our invention belongs theyare usually out of the operators reach, and he is compelled to employ astepladder or other means to gain access to them. \Ve obviate thisdefect by providing a lever accessible to the operator when standingupon the floor, and extended to and connected with the back-gear shaftand with a clutch combined with the upper cone, thus securinga means forunclutching the cone and engaging the back gear by a single movement.The spindlesleeve within which the spindle revolves, and which iscommonly mounted upon a bracket, so as to hold and feed the spindleclose' to the tool-socket, has generally heretofore been made ofcylindrical form, and had a toothed rack attached to it by means ofscrews to receive the feedingmotion from a rotary pinion. Such a roundsleeve is difficult to clamp firmly when it begins to wear, and thescrews of the feedin g'rack frequently getloose, so that the feedingmovement and guiding of the drill both become defective.

In our construction we make the sleeve of rectangular shape, and formthe toothed feeding-rack integral therewith, by which means we preventthe rack from ever getting loose and secure a form for the socket,wherein the sleeve is mounted, bywhich we can readily clamp the same andcompensate for any wear upon its front sides.

Heretofore a flat transverse slot has been formed across the upper endof the socket in the drill-spindle to engage the flattened ends of thetool-shanks applied to the socket; but such slot is constantly worn bythe end of the shank, and is often greatly damaged by the taperingdrifts which have been forced into the slot to drive the shank out ofthe socket, and we have therefore devised a means of forming a slot in adetachable steel piece which can be readily removed, and which is alsoadapted to drive the tool-shank from the socket without the use of anydrift or wedge.

The nature of our improvements will be understood by reference to theannexed drawings, in which A is the column of the machine, and B theframe attached thereto to support the counter-shaft O, cone-shaft D,backgear shaft E, and disk-shaft G.

C are the bearings of the counter-shaft, supporting the same upon thelower part of the frame, and U the lower driving-cone; D D, the bearingsof the cone-shaft, supporting the same at the top of the machine, and Dthe upper driving-cone; E E the bearings of the back-gear shaft arrangedjust below the coneshaft, and G G are the bearings of the diskshaftattached to one side of the frame and column adjacent to the back-gearshaft.

F is the spindle, fitted with a spline, s, to a bevelgear, S, which issustained in a bearing, F, at the top of the frame, and is held at itslower end in a sleeve, H, which is formed to fit a rectangular splitbearing, H upon a bracket, K, movably held upon a dovetail, K, upon thefront of the column, as in other machines.

S is a bevelgear on the cone-shaft D, and fitted to the gear S, and thepower is thus transmitted from the cone-shaft to the drillspindle as thelatter moves up and down through the gear S.

H is a toothed rack formed integrally upon the'inner side of the sleeve,and I the worm gearing usually employed to reduce the quick movement. ofthe. drill-feeding shaft to the proper speed for the pinion a, whichoperates the rack H. (See Fig. 9.)

J is the drill-feeding shaft, fitted to hearing 1) upon the bracket K,and to bearings 0 c attached to the front bearing, G, of the diskshaft,and provided with a frictional drivingwheel, 6, splined to the shaft J,as shown at e in Fig. 4.

J are shifters attached to a hand-rod, J which is fitted .to lugs 0 uponthe bearings c c, the shiftersbeing arranged to move and hold the wheel6 in contact with the frictional disk (I at any desired point. The rod Jis furnished with a handle, J, for moving it, and is clamped in thedesired spot by means of a hand-screw, e inserted in one of the bearings0 which is split open to allow its opposite sides to yield. The disk dis shown recessed at the center in Fig. 4, to afford a spot where thewheel e can be placed at rest while the disk is revolving, and by meansof the rod J the friction-wheel 6 can be moved to such cen-.

tral point to stop the feed entirely, and can be moved from thence ineither direction up or down to feed the drill-spindle either upward ordownward at an increasing rate of speed proportioned to the distance ofthe wheel 0 from the center of the disk.

The rod J is shown in Fig. 6 marked with a series of marks, 2', and withfigures it 1 1i, and the edge of the lower bearing, 0 serves as a gage,with which any mark is set in contact to secure a speed suitable for adrill of the size marked thereat;

The disk-shaft G is provided with two conespeeds, g g, and similarcone-speeds, f f, are provided upon the counter-shaft O, and a belt, L,Fig. 7, serves to convey either a quicker or a slowerspeed to thedisk-shaft, as may be suited to the material operated upon. Thevariation of speed produced by the use of the cones g g is intended tobe just that which is required in shifting from east to wrought iron,and the series of marks on the rod J" are therefore equallyapplicable,whichever metal the tool be used upon.

In Fig. 1, M is a stationary bar formed upon the frame B adjacent to'thelower cone, C, and provided with marks adjacent to each of the conespeeds or pulleys to guide the operator in applying the belt to the conefor a drill or tool of given size. The cone-speeds are shown as four innumber, and in the drawings are proportioned to furnish the requiredvariation in speed between drills of three-eighths of an inch and oneand one-quarter of an inch in diameter without the use of the backgearing. Thus the quickest speed is adapted for the three-eighths andone-half inch drills, and the figures and are accordingly marked uponthe stationary bar M, adjacent to the largest cone-speed, each otherspeed having two other figures marked near it, as the same speed may bevery readily used for drills of but one-eighth inch variation in size.Similar figures may be marked upon the rod J ,or each alternate figure,if the space he cramped, as shown in Fig. 6, and the operator is thenenabled to immediately secure the proper speeds both for the driving andthe feeding of a drill of given size.

It is obvious that in addition to or in place of the drill-sizes theindex M may be marked with the actual speeds produced by the use of theseveral cone-speeds, and the rod J may be marked with the actual feedproduced for each revolution of the spindle when the latter is actuatedby the same cone-speed without the intervention of the back gear. Such aseries of indications is shown upon the plate M in the numbers 40 60 100160, and we do not therefore limit ourselves exclusively to thenseofmarks indicating the drill-sizesalone,

although such marks afford quite the best guide to the operator, who maynot know what speed would be best for a given size of drill.

Ve are aware that it is not new to use an index marked with a givenspeed or screwthread pitch; but the essential feature of the index wehave shown herein is its direct reference to the tools which aresuitable to be used with the belt applied to a certain face upon thedriving-cone. By this construction the operator entirely ignores thespeed produced by such an application of the belt, and is guideddirectly to the size of tool which is adapted for use with a certainadjustment of the driving-belt.

Ve are aware that indexes have been applied to a slide affixed to thecones of feedgears used on lathes for varying the screwcutting 'feed,and we do not therefore claim as our own invention an index having marksto show the speed produced by a given setting;

but our index M applied to the belt-cone differs from those heretoforeused in not being dependent upon any moving slide to indicate whichfigure of the scale is to be read. Our invention requires only that theindex M should be fixed rigidly opposite the several speeds of the cone,so that the cone and index can be viewed together, and the location ofthe belt (the adjustment of which in our invention does not shift oralter anything about the index) then indicates at once by mereinspectionof the marks nearest to the belt upon the index what speed isproduced by such belt. WVe-therefore disclaim such constructions as areshown in the said United States Patents, and restrict ourselves to thecombination we have described.

We are also aware that a clutch has been applied to the inside of a coneto connect the same and a hack-gear wheel alternately to the shaft, asmight be required; but such a loca- 'tion for the clutch requires ahollow spindle for the cone, and to avoid such a construction we havedevised the followingmeans for shifting the back-gear spindlelongitudinally and for working a clutch upon the outer end of thespeed-cone by the same handle.

' Upon the back-gear shaft E are secured a large gear, m, and small gearm, and a'small gear, a, is attached to the hub .of the'cone D to rotatethe back -gear shaft when the gears are meshed together. A large gear,n,is attached to the cone-shaft 'D, adjacent to the gear at, and thegears mm are so arranged upon the shaft E that when the latter isshifted endwise,'as shown in Fig. 3, the two gears on the shaft E meshinto the gearsnn, and the quick motion of the cone is transmitted to theshaft D in a reduced ratio.

WVhen the back gears are disconnected, as shown in Fig. 2, the cone Dwould slip around upon the shaft, and to connect the same with the shaftand avoid the use of the hand locking devices heretofore employed weform clutch-teeth a, Fig. 8, upon the hub of the cone,and apply asliding clutch-hub, 1, formed with similar teeth to the rear end of theshaft D, so as to slide to and from the teeth to in the cone. Pins andholes may be used instead of the teeth a. The hub l is fitted to abearing, D, at the rear end of the cone, and a link, I, is swiveled tothe outer end of the clutch-hub and connected with a hand-lever, P,which is pivoted upon the frame B at p, and extended downward withinreach of the operator when standing upon the same level as the base A,which sustains the column A.

The pivot 19 is arranged between the shafts D and E, and a link, Z isswiveled to the outer end of the back-gear shaft E, so that the movementof the lever serves to draw the back gears m m a n out of mesh with oneanother at the same time that the clutch is pressed into the cone andthe latter locked to the shaft D. The hub l is splined to the shaft, asat 0 in Fig. 2, and therefore drives the shaft at the same speed as thecone D when thus clutched thereto, while anopposite movement of thelever serves to unclutch the cone from its shaft and to engage the backgearing together, so as to rotate the shaft D at a slower speed. Thelinks Z and l are loosely pivoted to the lever at Z Z, and are swiveledto the parts Z and E by caps t, attached to the ends of the shafts andinclosing-collars formed upon the inner ends of the links. Thelinks arethus adapted to slide the parts 1 and E in and out in their bearingswhile the latter are in motion, if the operator desires.

If the pairs of back gears m m and n n were each proportioned three toone, the effect of using the same would be to reduce the speed of thecone-shaft and drill-spindle in the ratio of nine to one; and if thefeed were driven, as in other drilling-machines, by a belt or otherdirect connection with the cone shaft, the speed of the feed would bereduced in the same proportion; but when the feed is drivenindependently of the cone-shaft, as in our construction, the effect ofusing the back gear is to actually reverse the speed of the feed inrelation to the spindle-speed. Thus in the machines heretofore used, ifthe spindle be rotated by the cone at ninety revolutions per minute witha feed of one-thirtieth of an inch to each revolution, the aggregatefeed would be three inches in each minute; but when the back gear isused, with the cone still rotated at ninety turns per minute, the speedof the drill and the feed are both reducedthe rotations to ten perminute, and the feed to three ninths of an inch per minute, instead ofthree inches. On the contrary, with our independent feedconnections, ifthe spindle be rotated ten revolutions per minute by throwing in theback gear, the feed would still be three inches in each minute, andwould be actually in creased in relation to each rotation of the drill,and would become one-third of an inch for each drill-revolution, insteadof one-thirtieth,

driving the drill out of the socket.

as when the cone'was used, the adjustment of all the cone-feed speedsbeing unchanged and the back gear alone being altered in the cases justassumed. An extraordinary and unusual advantage thus results fromactuating the feed mechanism by some uniformly-operating device notaffected by-the changes in the spindle-speed; and as it is immaterialwhether the feed be driven by a belt from the countershaft on the frameof the machine, or from some other uniformly-rotating shaft adjacentthereto, we do not limit. ourselves exclusively to the means shownherein for thus driving it. A belt from the cone-shaft D to thefeed-shaft G, such as has heretofore been used, is obviously very shortand constantly liable to get slack and to slip. This defect has longbeen known in power drill-presses, and our construction secures a greatadvantage in dissolving the belt-connection between these shafts anddriving the feed-shaft by a belt from some remoter point-as the shaft 0;

It will thus be seen that the entire machine is provided with means foradjusting and operating the different parts in an especially convenientmanner, and that the rate of feed can be altered by moving the handle Jand rod J while the drill is in operation, just as readily as the-backgear can be shifted and cone locked by the use of the single lever P.

To press the disk (1 into suitable contact with the wheel 0, a screw,(1, is mounted in a split bearing, d behind the outer end of thedisk-shaft G, and the shaft can thus be pressed endwise to any desireddistance and the screw clamped in the bearing d by a bolt, (1, appliedto the opposite parts of the same.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate the means for preventing the wear in thedrill-socket and for The improvement consists in a grooved plug, h,inserted movably in a hole, j, across the bottom of the socket F thegroove h being shaped transversely to fit the flattened end of thedrillshank, and the bottom of the groove being inclined to the axis ofthe hole j, so as to operate as a wedge, and thus force the drill out ofthe socket when moved endwise in the hole. Such shifting may be readilyeffected by striking the plug upon the end with any convenient objectwithout any damage to the plug, as the same, being made separate fromthe drill-socket, can be formed of steel and hardened, so as to endurethe blows to which it would be subjected in use. If the bottom of thegroove were inclined in but one direction, the plug would require to bedriven always in the same direction to discharge the drill; and to.avoid the necessity of turning the drill-shaft to reach the proper endof the plug the groove h in Fig. 10 is shown with a concave bottomlongitudinally, and may be readily formed of that shape by a rotarymilling-cutter. With such a construction the groove operates in the samemanner to discharge the shank when driving through the hole j fromeither end.

Having thus set forth our invention, whatwe claim herein is 1. Thecombination, with the drill-spindle F and the split bearing Hsurrounding the same, of the rectangular sleeve H, having the rack-teethH, formed integral therewith, for transmitting the feed movement to thesleeve, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In a column-drill press, the combination, with the cone-shaft D,having the gear a secured thereto, and the cone D fitted looselythereon, provided with the gear n, of the clutch having the hub Z fittedto the end of the shaft D, the back gears mounted upon the backgearshaft E parallel with the cone-shaft D, as described, and the lever I,provided with the links Z and 1 arranged to shift the clutch in onedirection and the back-gearing shaft in the opposite direction,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a column-drill press having the drillfeeding shaft driven by africtional wheel, and having the cone-shaft driven by a countershaft, 0,with the cone 0 as described, the combination, with the drill-feedingshaft having the frictional wheel secured thereon, of a frictional diskmounted upon a shaft driven by a belt from the said counter-shaft, andmeans for shifting the frictional wheel into contact with the disk,substantially as shown and described.

4. In a column-drill press having the coneshaft driven by acounter-shaft, the combination, with the drill-feeding shaft, of africtional driving-wheel and disk, an independent shaft for carryingsaid disk, speed-cones applied to the said disk-shaft and countershaft,and a belt to drive the disk-shaft from the counter-shaft O, the conesoperating to vary the effect of the belt for drilling wrought or castiron, substantially as shown and described.

5. The drill-frame A B, provided with the counter-shaft C, and cone 0arranged, substantially as described, and the stationary bar M arrangedadjacent to the several belt-faces upon the cone, and provided withfigures opposite the several faces of the cone to indicate thecorresponding sizes of the drills which should be used with the beltapplied thereto.

6. In a column-drill press provided with a frictional feed-wheel, thecombination, with the shifters for shifting the wheel 6, of the rod Jattached to the said shifters, and provided with the figures forindicating the proper setting of the wheel, substantially as shown anddescribed.

7. The combination, with a drill -spindle having a central socket forthe shank of the tool and provided with a transverse hole at the bottomof the socket, of the grooved plug, constructed as described andinserted movably in said hole, and adapted both to rotate the tool andto force it out of its socket,when required, substantially as shown anddescribed.

8. The combination, with a drill-press splu- -dle, of a cone-shaftgeared thereto, a cone running loosely thereon, and back gearing adaptedto drive the cone-shaft, when desired, a feeding mechanism for movingthe spindle longitudinally, and means for driving the feeding mechanismindependently of the coneshaft, and thereby reversing the relation ofthe feed to the rotations of the drill when operated by the back-gear.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

ULRICH EBERHARDT. HENRY E. EBERHARDT.

Witnesses:

THos. S. CRANE, HENRY J. THEBERATH.

